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Alopecia is defined as hair loss or baldness, which accurately encompasses the various forms and degrees of hair loss that individuals can experience. This term can apply to small areas of hair loss, as seen in conditions like alopecia areata, or to extensive baldness affecting larger portions of the scalp or body. Understanding the definition of alopecia is crucial for barbers and cosmetologists, as they may encounter clients dealing with hair loss and need to provide appropriate services and emotional support.

The other options describe different conditions or characteristics related to hair but do not accurately define alopecia. Excessive hair growth in unusual areas describes hirsutism, uneven hair texture relates to the quality of the hair rather than its presence or absence, and thinning hair in patches could describe a specific manifestation of alopecia but does not encompass all types. Thus, the comprehensive definition of alopecia as hair loss or baldness is the most accurate choice.